PCB DIY Procedure & Materials

In order to accelerate the process of building our Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for multi-pixel tactile display based on electrovibration, we need to come up a clear, step-by-step procedure for PCB design and building. Can you do a thorough research quickly on this topic and list all the steps? At the same time, identify all the required materials, equipment, tools, and chemicals in each step, and compile a complete list at the end. The final list should also include vendors, pricing, and any safety concerns.We will discuss the procedure and material list after the break.

December Seminar Notes

https://docs.google.com/a/erhsnyc.net/document/d/15KeJXfwNdfyGGH8PoFyXWKic948Xx2U6IID0vzawgfo/edit?usp=sharing

RE: Patents

It's a good list to include the newly granted and applied patents. However, you should include an analysis section to

• analyze those patents and describe the types, scopes & trend, and 
• identify the possible areas of future innovation. 

 

Patents

List of patents

No	Patent No.	Assignee	Title	Essence
1	US 2008/ 0303795 A1		Haptic display for a handheld electronic device	A handheld device including touchscreen, haptic display and image display
2	US 2009/ 0251421 A1	Sony (SE)	Method and apparatus for tactile perception of digital images	Provide vibration feedback for 2D texture (edges)
3	US 7,924,144 B2 (2011)	Senseg (F1)	Method And Apparatus For Sensory Stimulation	Electrovibration method and setup
4	US 2011/ 0109584 A1		Tactile stimulation apparatus having a composite section comprising a semiconducting material	Semiconductor interface doped with carbon nanotubes
5	US 7,982,588 B2 (2011)	Senseg (F1)	Method And Apparatus For Sensory Stimulation	Electrovibration method and setup
6	US 2011/ 0248962 A1	Sony (JP)	Information presenting device, tactile sense presenting method, and program	Electrovibration integrated to a touchscreen
7	US 2011/ 10285667 Al		Electrovibration for touch surfaces	Reverse electrovibration
8	US 2012/ 0038559 A1	Nokia (F1)	Generating Perceptible Touch Stimulus	Providing electrovibration stimulus spatially varies across the area based on finger position
9	US 8,174,373 B2 (2012)	Senseg (F1)	Method And Apparatus For Sensory Stimulation	Electrovibration method and setup
10	US 2012/ 0327006 A1	Disney (US)	Using tactile feedback to provide spatial awareness	Electrovibration feedback based on the tactile feedback map of the image
11	US 2013/ 0106758 A1	Nokia (F1)	Apparatus and Associated Methods	Detection of input position through changing of capacitive coupling
12	US 2013/ 0106765 A1	Nokia (F1)	Apparatus and Associated Methods	Electrodes are used as capacitive input and haptic feedback according to the states of the system
13	US 8,441,465 B2 (2013)	Nokia (F1)	Apparatus comprising an optically transparent sheet and related methods	Transparent conducting film with insulator for portable device
14	US 8,570,163 B2 (2013)	Senseg (F1)	Method And Apparatus For Sensory Stimulation	Electrovibration method and setup
15	US2014/ 0059427 A1	Siemens	Operator Control Device for a Technical System	Touch panel elements with friction haptic feedback at the borders
16	US 2014/ 0092055 Al	Nokia (F1)	Apparatus and Associated Methods	Electrovibration through a shaft
17	US 2014/ 0139327 A1	Disney (US)	Controlling a user's tactile perception in a dynamic physical environment	Constant current mechanism to cope with impedance change
18	US 8,766,933 B2 (2014)	Senseg (F1)	Tactile stimulation apparatus having a composite section comprising a semiconducting material	Semiconductor interface doped with carbon nanotubes
19	US 8,779,307 B2 (2014)	Nokia (F1)	Generating perceptible touch stimulus	Hand-portable apparatus providing touch perception
20	US 8,791,800 B2 (2014)	Nokia (F1)	Detecting touch input and generating perceptible touch stimulus	A device that can detect touch input and generate  touch stimulus
21	US 2015/0154885 A1 (2015) (application only)	Livermore-Clifford	Device, Methods, and Systems for High-Resolution Tactile Displays	An array of actuators connected to a PCB to produce high-resolution tactile feedback
22
23

Weekly Progress

Week November 2 - November 8

We have talked about using the etching process and build a homemade PCB. We might have to put black sheets on the walls and the glass door to create a dark room. Hopefully, we will begin once we have all the materials.

Materials:
- transparent film shett
- photoframe
- driller (with a point that can make 1mm sq holes)
- film develope chemicals
- red light
- black sharpie

FULL Material list:
(http://makezine.com/2010/02/16/circuit-skills-circuit-board-etchin/)

possibility 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWnfnt2rNO0

Weekly Progress Report

Week 2: October 26 - November 1

Progress

 1. We have set up our laboratory space in the classroom
 2. On Thursday, we have set up the circuit board and the oscilloscope and the signal generator.
 3. Vivian has finished reading Chapter 1- Electricity and a little bit on Chapter 2- Electronic Components

Problem

 1. The signals are displaying incorrectly on the generator. We used the multimeter to see if the voltage was 12.
 2. We believe that we may have short-circuited the ATX power supply. 
 3. We think that it is the components on the circuit board. We will have to modify the board by experimenting.
 4. Designing the pattern board - Each square needs to be at max 1mm square big (that's really tiny)

Plan

1. Figure out if we permanently broke the ATX power supply.

2. Take apart the components on the circuit board and look for issues. 

3.  Option 1: Etching

( http://fritzing.org/learning/tutorials/pcb-production-tutorials/diy-pcb-etching/ )

4. Option 2: Creating a Printed Circuit Board with a INKJET Printer

(http://www.instructables.com/id/Creating-Printed-Circuit-Boards-with-a-INKJET-Prin/?ALLSTEPS)

Progress

Progress: We have learnt about the Oscillator and the Generator from reading the manuals. We understand how to operate those two machines. Also, we discussed about dividing the film into different squares by cutting and using silkscreen printing to make the different kind of patterns.

Problem: We haven't encountered any technical problems yet. However, I (Vivian) need to learn more about the basics of electrostatics like electric current, voltages, electrical fields, etc. 

Plan: We will continue what we discussed. Vivian will watch some Khan Academy videos to catch up the Physics part and Aaron will figure out how to apply the silkscreen printmaking process onto the film. 

Update Part 1/2

Progress:

Last thursday, we had a formal discussion with Mr. Lin about our project and what we need to do.

As long as electrostatic displays have existed, there has consistently been one major flaw. The way that electrostatic displays work is by sending an electric signal through the entire layer of conductive material. The way these prototypes have always worked around this is by sensing where the finger is and sending out the associated tactile signal for that location. But, we propose to make it so that we can have different cells each with a different tactile sensation.

This doesn’t have to be see-through. The technology already exists for a tactile-touch combo screen. We don’t have to redevelop that. Instead, we can focus on making a tactile device that is not visual (yet).

RE: Gantt Project

Feedback:

1. Your Gantt Chart shows that you have very limited understanding of the scope of your project, and how to approach your final goal. I strongly suggest that your team should find time to meet up with me ASAP to discuss your project scope, contents, and possible activities you can do to solve your problem.
2. You will have to redo your Gantt Chart based on our discussion.

Gantt Project

https://drive.google.com/a/erhsnyc.net/file/d/0B7w3ondlAdKnR0hVVktWTG1qcTg/view?usp=sharing

Presentation

Link to presentation:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1TysG7HmhVjuMku8oBYlrbZLt_G1SS0-vC3ngxC_27BI/edit#slide=id.gc8de08745_0_106

RE: Initial Planning & Coordination

I.  Project Description & Merits

To create a 2-dimensional tactile display system for the visually impaired based on electrovibration. This will benefit a community who struggles with visualization by guiding and giving them the opportunity to sense tangible feelings. Also with this type of system, it can be applied to many daily agendas, such as reading public maps or utilizing public facilities.

II. Group/Team Communication
Our team consists of Aaron Buckley and Yu Lin (Vivian) Tay. We will be using Google Drive to share our research and documents. For communication, we will email each other for updates and to collaborate.

III. Prior Work/ Resource Inventory

We have read about the tactile display using electrovibration and the implementation for the 2D tactile display. For example, the impacts of pulse polarity and the way the experiments showing polarity effect in electrovibration were conducted for the tactile display.

• Need to survey more prior work.

IV. Technology analysis

• electrical engineering (more specific, low-power high-voltage analog circuit design)
• iOS programming
• logic circuits

V. Competence

• mechanical physics
• electrostatics and circuit design.
• iOS Programming for image/ video processing

VI. Safety
There is a potential risk for electric shock if the current is not managed properly. However, the amount of current needed for electrovibration is incredibly low and the shock produced should cause no harm. Therefore, there is little risk involved with this project.

•  Need to make sure the current-restriction circuit is working properly. Handling high-voltage circuit always needs extra care.

VII. Equipment, materials & budget

• computer tablet as a platform to perform the developed electrovibration system (e.g. iPad)
• a film on top of the tablet. it will be made of insulating material and see-through conductive coating.
• an audio cable

• Lots of components/materials may be required in the design process.
• PCB fabrication may be needed for customer-build board.

VIII. Schedule
We are planning to understand the iOS programming within two weeks and will proceed to modify the codes. Then, we will spend two weeks studying circuit design, then proceed to design our own circuit.Then, we will build the circuit over the course of two months. Afterwards, we will spend another month trying to integrate it on to an iPad with the film. Once integrated, we will spend another month trying to improve our design and fix issues. Afterwards, we will spend the rest of the school year working with groups 8 and 9 to see our software opportunities and developing other applications for our design like public information displays.

•  Need to rethink the goals of your final design. Should set up a meeting with me ASAP.

Initial Planning and Coordination

I.  Project Description & Merits

To create a 2-dimensional tactile display system for the visually impaired based on electrovibration. This will benefit a community who struggles with visualization by guiding and giving them the opportunity to sense tangible feelings. Also with this type of system, it can be applied to many daily agendas, such as reading public maps or utilizing public facilities.

II. Group/Team Communication
Our team consists of Aaron Buckley and Yu Lin (Vivian) Tay. We will be using Google Drive to share our research and documents. For communication, we will email each other for updates and to collaborate.

III. Prior Work/ Resource Inventory

We have read about the tactile display using electrovibration and the implementation for the 2D tactile display. For example, the impacts of pulse polarity and the way the experiments showing polarity effect in electrovibration were conducted for the tactile display.

IV. Technology analysis

• electrical engineering
• iOS programming
• logic circuits

V. Competence

• mechanical physics
• electrostatics and circuit design.
• iOS Programming for image/ video processing

VI. Safety
There is a potential risk for electric shock if the current is not managed properly. However, the amount of current needed for electrovibration is incredibly low and the shock produced should cause no harm. Therefore, there is little risk involved with this project.

VII. Equipment, materials & budget

• computer tablet as a platform to perform the developed electrovibration system (e.g. iPad)
• a film on top of the tablet. it will be made of insulating material and see-through conductive coating.
• an audio cable

VIII. Schedule
We are planning to understand the iOS programming within two weeks and will proceed to modify the codes. Then, we will spend two weeks studying circuit design, then proceed to design our own circuit.Then, we will build the circuit over the course of two months. Afterwards, we will spend another month trying to integrate it on to an iPad with the film. Once integrated, we will spend another month trying to improve our design and fix issues. Afterwards, we will spend the rest of the school year working with groups 8 and 9 to see our software opportunities and developing other applications for our design like public information displays.

Missing Initial Planning and Coordination

Your team has missed the deadline of posting "Initial Planning and Coordination". Please make it up ASAP.

Research Tasks for the Summer

Tactile Display Using Electrovibration

Since both of you will be on trips during the summer, I just attached the following technical papers and a program for you to study. Papers are extremely concise and difficult to read. Normally it will take several runs just to fully understand a paragraph. You will also need to refer to the reference to understand some details. As you read through the papers, extract the key logic and concepts of the paper, mark the unknown terms or problems for further study, and continue reading to the end of the paragraph. Then, do some side research on those terms or problems, and re-read the paragraph again. Repeat this process at every level of your study until you fully understand (if possible) the paper. You are encouraged to read more papers on the Project Resource page after you finish the assigned ones. I may also work on the similar project at the City College during the summer. Contact me when you are back to the city for further updates. As far as the iOS App, try to read and understand the code. You will have to modify or write a better one yourselves!

1. Electrovibration: How to Create a 2D Tactile Display System for the Visually Impaired People Based on Electrovibration? (2014), Chin-Sung Lin. [14 pages] The paper provides an overview of the electrovibriation technology, and describe and summarize the current project status. Survey and analyzes the related patents. Learn the design and implementation of a 2D tactile system, and find out what are the open challenges. 
2. Kurt A. Kaczmarek, Krishnakant Nammi, Abhishek K. Agarwal, Mitchell E. Tyler, Steven J. Haase, and David J. Beebe, “Polarity Effect in Electrovibration forTactile Display”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 53, No. 10, October 2006. [8 pages] The paper compares the mathematical models of the electrovibration, and discusses the effects of pulse polarity. Should also pay attention to how they conduct the experiments.
3. Olivier Bau, Ivan Poupyrev, Ali Israr, and Chris Harrison, “TeslaTouch- Electrovibrationfor Touch Surfaces”, UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, October 2010. [10 pages] The paper explains the design and implementation of a 2D tactile system based on the electrovibration. It also discuss the evaluation of the system and the subject test.
4. Olivier Bau and Ivan Poupyrev “REVEL: Tactile Feedback Technology forAugmented Reality”, ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 31, No. 4, Article 89, Publication Date: July 2012. [11 pages] The paper introduce an innovative scheme called "Reverse Electrovibration". It describes the implementation of such system in details, and also describes its potential applications in augmented reality (AR). 
5. Seung-Chan Kim, Ali Israr, and Ivan Poupyrev, “Tactile Rendering of 3D Features onTouch Surfaces”, UIST’13, October  2013. The paper presents a tactile rendering algorithm for rendering 3D geometric shapes on a touch screen surface by modulating friction force between user's finger and the touch screen. 

 Implementation

1. Ye-Sheng Kuo, Thomas Schmid, and Prabal Dutta, “Hijacking Power and Bandwidth from the Mobile Phones Audio Interface”, ISLPED’10 Design Contest, August 2010. [6 pages] The paper shows how to harvest power from a mobile device, and how to communicate the data through the audio port. Currently, we are using the audio channel to send out the electrovibration waveforms from iPad. So, this paper is highly relevant to what we did.

iOS Programming

1. CitiTouch (the link will be available soon), Chin-Sung Lin, 2014. An iPad App to evaluate the electrovibration phenomena. The user can experiment and select different frequency and amplitude to match the proper texture. You should read and understand the program first and then we can modify and improve it.

Please take electronic notes while you are studying the materials, watching the videos, or browsing through the web. Each team will present their learning later in the summer meeting.